Categories
LOA Stream Categories Overview
As part of the process of registering streams, LOA have assigned streams to categories based on the chemical and technological descriptors. During the assessment phase there has been a check of the compositional coherency of the streams within the category, which have formed the basis of the LOA Category Justification Documents - a link to which is provided below for each category name. The following categories have been identified and will be assessed as more information on the streams becomes available.
Definition : This category contains hydrocarbon streams obtained by the oligomerisation of butylenes. The substances within this category consist predominantly of C4, C8, C12, C16 and/or C20 hydrocarbons. The category stream components boil between 100 and 350 °C and the streams contain less than 0.1% butadiene.
Definition : This category contains hydrocarbon streams obtained by the oligomerisation of butylenes.
Definition : This category covers hydrocarbon streams containing high purity hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon substances with impurities and complex hydrocarbon reaction products. These hydrocarbon streams have a carbon number distribution that is predominantly C4 with a range from C3-C5 and less than 0.1% 1,3-butadiene. Category members are typically produced from the steam-cracking of naphtha and following the extraction of 1,3-butadiene from a C4-rich stream. Companies importing streams will need to confirm that such streams meet the chemical description and are in domain.
Definition : This category covers hydrocarbon streams containing high purity hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon substances with impurities and complex hydrocarbon reaction products. These hydrocarbon streams have a carbon number distribution that is predominantly C4 but with a range of C3-C5 and more than 0.1% 1,3-butadiene. Category members are typically produced from the steam-cracking of naphtha as a C4-rich stream. Companies importing streams will need to confirm that such streams meet the chemical description and are in domain. The category contains streams that have claimed compositions of single substances up to over 80%. These are not considered as pure substances as the variability during manufacture is such that this is not always the case and usually the production processes are not designed to make substances at such a high purity.
Definition : This category covers hydrocarbon streams that are predominantly derived from the ethylene process and other associated C5 processes. Imported streams will need to confirm that they meet the chemical description and are in domain. These hydrocarbon streams have a carbon number distribution that is typically C3 – C7. All of the streams in this category contain significant levels of non-cyclic mono- and di-olefins and more than 1% isoprene. Companies importing streams will need to confirm that such streams meet the chemical description and are in domain.
Definition : The category covers hydrocarbon streams typically produced by the distillation of products from a steam cracking process, by the distillation of products from an ethylene manufacturing process, obtained as the residual fraction from the distillation of the products of a steam cracking process, or produced by pyrolysis. Imported streams will need to confirm that they meet the chemical description and are in domain. Category members contain predominantly higher-boiling hydrocarbons, mostly cyclic olefins and aromatics, but at varying concentrations. These hydrocarbon streams have a carbon number distribution that is predominantly C8 and higher. Companies importing streams will need to confirm that such streams meet the chemical description and are in domain.
Definition : This category is driven by benzene as Category 1 Carcinogen, Category 2 Mutagen. All streams containing 0.1% or more benzene to be considered for inclusion. This category contains hydrocarbons (aliphatic, aromatic and olefinic) with carbon numbers predominantly in the C5-C12 range and boiling from 30C to 300C. Members of this category contain >0.1% benzene and contain varying amounts of toluene, xylenes and n-hexane. Some category members contain PAHs, where this is the case anthracene has been quantified. Some category members contain 1,3-butadiene and this has been quantified where needed. Category members are usually produced by the distillation of products from a steam cracking process or by pyrolysis Companies importing streams will need to confirm that such streams meet the chemical description and are in domain. The category contains streams that have claimed compositions of single substances up to over 80%. These are not considered as pure substances as the variability during manufacture is such that this is not always the case and usually the production processes are not designed to make substances at such a high purity.
Definition :This category contains hydrocarbons (aliphatic, aromatic and olefinic) with carbon numbers predominantly in the C5-C12 range and boiling from 30°C to 300°C. Members of this category contain <0.1% benzene and contain varying amounts of toluene, xylenes and n-hexane. Some category members contain PAHs, where this is the case anthracene has been quantified. Category members are typically produced by the distillation of products from a steam cracking process or by pyrolysis. Companies importing streams will need to confirm that such streams meet the chemical description and are in domain.
Definition : This category covers hydrocarbon streams containing petroleum gases (alkanes/alkenes) predominantly in the C1-C5 range (with some carbon numbers present at lower levels up to C10) and include some LPGs. The majority of the members of this category contain <0.1% 1,3-butadiene. Members of this category are products of hydrocarbon refining operations, sometimes in association with steam-crackers or are produced in association with natural gas processing such as catalytic cracking and catalytic reforming or distillation of crude oil. Companies importing streams will need to confirm that such streams meet the chemical description and are in domain.
Definition : The category contains covers hydrocarbons typically produced by the distillation of products from a steam cracking process. Imported streams will need to confirm that they meet the chemical description and are in domain. The category contains non-hydrotreated products (the Resin Oil products) and two products that are concentrates (1) dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and (2) methylcyclopentadiene dimer (MCPD). Member of this category will have a carbon number distribution that is predominantly C5 – C15 and may contain more than 0.1 % isoprene and/or more than 0.1% benzene or 1,3-butadiene. Companies importing streams will need to confirm that such streams meet the chemical description and are in domain.
Definition : This category covers streams that have a carbon number distribution that is predominantly C8. All of the streams in this category are almost entirely aromatic, and contain <1% benzene and toluene. Companies importing streams will need to confirm that such streams meet the chemical description and are in domain.
Definition : This category covers mono-constituent C1-C4 alkanes. Members of this category include LPGs and are products of hydrocarbon refining operations, in association with stream-cracking or are produced in association with natural gas processing such as catalytic cracking and catalytic reforming as well as processing in chemical plants. Companies importing streams will need to confirm that such streams meet the chemical description and are in domain.